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| Grant Name | Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project | |||
| Country | Cambodia | |||
| Project Number | 40555- 01 | |||
| Fund Source/Amount[Proposed] |
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| Thematic Classification |
Gender Equity
Capacity Development |
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| Project Rationale | Current public TVET provision does not fully meet the needs for basic and middle-level skills in the formal and informal economies. Inadequate finance, lack of access to formal training on a national basis, weak linkages to industry, lack of entrepreneurial focus, and poor quality control continue to limit the quantity and quality of system output.
The current global economic downturn has increased the need for strategies that will lead to a wider, more internationally competitive production base. Central to these are increased investment in formal vocational skills formation to ensure the expansion of the skilled labor force, and a substantial increase in productivity through more effective and efficient training. |
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| Impact | The Project is expected to expand the employment-ready, national middle-level work force in Cambodia in both rural and urban areas. By 2012, it is expected that there will be at least a 10% increase in the number of employees holding new formal Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) qualifications at Certificate Levels 2 and 3 in the three key sectors of construction, business and ICT services, and automotive repair and servicing. An increase of 25% is expected by 2014. | |||
| Outcome | The expected outcome is an expanded, enterprise-endorsed and more integrated training system better aligned to the basic and middle level skills requirements of the formal and informal economies. Key success indicators include: (i) a 30% increase in enrolments and completions in new level 2 and 3 certificate programs in three key industry sectors; (ii) 10% increase in the number of grades 9 and 12 students directly articulating into formal TVET programs at levels 2 or 3, and levels 5 and above, respectively; (iii) increased national access to TVET provision through development of five PTCs as regional centers and establishment of two additional Provincial Training Centers (PTCs) in un-served provinces; (iv) national extension of the Expanded Voucher Program (VSTP) for short non-formal basic skills training programs requested by communities, including micro-enterprise training; and (v) an increase of at least 40% in the number of people articulating into formal TVET certificate programs from non-formal training. | |||
| Outputs | The Project will produce three outputs to help ensure an expanded, enterprise endorsed and more integrated public TVET system better aligned to skills requirements in the formal and informal economies. These are: (i) improved access to and quality of formal TVET teaching and learning; (iii) enhanced access to and improved quality of non-formal TVET and (iii) improved capacity for planning, management and quality development. | |||
Safeguard Categories
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| Environment | C | |||
| Resettlement | C | |||
| Indigenous People | B | |||
| Summary of Environmental and Social Issues | ||||
| Social Aspects |
Poverty is high in Cambodia. Until the current global economic downturn, however, Cambodia was making good progress in alleviating poverty. The GDP per capita was growing at an average annual rate of about 10% up until 2007-8, and the poverty rate, as high as 45% in the mid-1990s, was down to about 35%. In recent years, however, these gains have slowed and even reversed as the country's key export earnings industries have been badly hit. Not only has this impacted upon GDP, but displaced workers, from the garment industry especially, the majority of whom are female, have swelled the numbers who are unemployed or who are underemployed in the rural sector.
Poverty alleviation, of course, is a central goal of the Rectangular Strategy and the NSDP 2006-2010, and the TVET sector is seen to be a key driver of Government strategies to provide young early school-leavers, people with few if any skills, the underemployed in rural areas and displaced factory workers, with training that will enhance their employability and provide them with the opportunity to earn a living. Informal TVET plays a particularly important role here and the project has proposed a number of interventions that will assist in pursuing this goal. The two new PTCs to be established are in provinces that are among the poorest and least developed and have two of the highest proportions of ethnic minorities. All other PTCs will have equipment and program upgrades, along with professional development of their teachers, to enable them to deliver better quality, more relevant training for the most deprived. Special attention will be given to the delivery of training programs attractive to women. Under the VSTP, 60% of those trained have been women. This percentage was boosted because over 80% of the programs were community-based, as opposed to center or enterprise-based. VSTP is to be expanded to all 24 provinces under the proposed project, to reach an estimated 286,440 underemployed rural workers and displaced factory workers. It is anticipated that the majority of these trainees will be women. The training they receive will provide them with mostly non-paddy agriculture and service-related skills that will contribute to their livelihood as self-employed or unpaid family workers. The other major initiative that will help alleviate poverty in regional areas is the planned upgrade of five PTCs to RTCs. This will have the benefit of increasing access to long-course programs at NVQF levels 3 and 4 in areas of the country outside Phnom Penh. When fully operational these centers will be able to enroll an additional 1,500 students per year at these two vital levels of training. It is expected that improved course offerings in relevant areas, as well as well-equipped dormitories, canteens and kitchen facilities dedicated to female students, will help attract more women into this stream of post-school education and training. All civil works and facility upgrades undertaken will be sympathetic to the needs of disabled students. |
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| Environmental Aspects | No negative environmental effect is anticipated. The proposed project involves the upgrading of five existing PTCs to RTCs, and the construction of two new PTCs. All work will be carried out on existing training center property with the exception of the two new PTCs, which will be constructed on vacant government land. Once identified, these two sites will be examined to confirm that no resettlement is needed. Ownership will be confirmed before the commencement of all construction. | |||
| Stakeholder Participation and Consultation | ||||
| During Project Design |
The TA consultants held two major stakeholder workshops with over 100 participants, conducted two surveys of TVET graduates, did a questionnaire survey and interviews with seven provincial training center directors and 30 community development specialists on recommended adjustments to VSTP; interviewed the teachers, managers and graduates of the seven Phnom Penh post-secondary institutes; and surveyed the graduates of the National Technical Training Institute (NTTI) on the effectiveness of NTTI teacher training.
Visits and interviews were also conducted with: AFD, Cambodian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Cambodian Federation of Employers and Business Associations, Cambodian Institute of Development Studies, Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Chamber of Professional and Micro Enterprises, the Federation of Employers, Garment Association in Cambodia, Garment Industry Productivity Centre and the Travel and Hospitality Institute. The Ministry of Women's Affairs was also consulted. Donor agencies consulted were EC, GTZ, ILO and the World Bank. Private sector TVET training providers were also consulted through visits and interviews. A sample of 40 private sector trainers was identified and interviewed about non-government provision. |
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| During Project Implementation | The intention is that the project be implemented in closer coordination with industry than has been the case in the past, through the creation of the Enterprise Sector Councils (ESCs), the focus on just three economic sectors, and the inclusion of the ESCs and other industry experts in the development of standards, curricula and assessment. The project steering committee, through its composition, will promote the involvement of other stakeholder ministries, as well as the employers' federation and private training providers. The VSTP already has strong stakeholder involvement as the training agenda is determined at commune level on the basis of a local needs assessment. | |||
| Procurement | ||||
| Consulting Services | The Project will be supported by 600 person-months of consultants (160 person-months of international and 440 person-months of national consultants). The consulting services are designed to assist the Project to achieve sustainable outcomes by providing technical support for implementation, system and institutional monitoring and training planning, management, and delivery and staff upgrading. Ten of the international and nine of the national specialists will assist with skills standards and curriculum development, management and instructor training, development of management information systems and a web site, and implementation of the VSTP. Two of the international and two national consultants will support the PCU in finance, monitoring and evaluation, procurement and civil works. All consultants will be selected in accordance with ADB's Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2007, as amended from time to time). Project implementation consultants will be engaged through a firm on the basis of quality- and cost-based selection with an 80:20 weighting. Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training (MOLVT), through the PCU, will be responsible for selecting and hiring consultants. Additional individual consultants will be hired to support the PCU as needed. The Project will also recruit consulting or other firms who will facilitate regional training and study tours as well as carry out M&E baseline and impact studies using the consultants' qualification selection method. In-country training will also be arranged using the consultants' qualification selection method. | |||
| Civil Works/Goods |
All ADB-financed goods, works and services will be procured in accordance with the ADB's Procurement Guidelines (2007, as amended from time to time). The project director, assisted by the project staff, will be responsible for all procurement. The indicative procurement plan and a procurement capacity assessment have been prepared, along with details of the proposed equipment and unit costs of inputs.
Supply contracts for goods such as laboratory and workshop equipment estimated at $500,000 equivalent or more will be awarded on the basis of international competitive bidding. Supply contracts for goods such as motorcycles, computers and office equipment of more than $50,000 but less than $500,000 will follow national competitive bidding procedures. Items costing less than $50,000 will be procured through shopping. Details of procurement packages and technical specifications must be submitted to Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) and ADB for approval before procurement. Civil works under the Project will consist of construction and/or rehabilitation of training facilities, workshops, and dormitories. Civil works contracts estimated at $1 million or more will be awarded on the basis of international competitive bidding. Civil works contracts of more than $50,000 but less than $1 million will be procured through national competitive bidding procedures, and contracts less than $50,000 may be procured through shopping. The procurement capacity assessment reveals that the Directorate General of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (DGTVET) is experienced in the procurement of goods, but less experienced in procuring works and services and consultants, and the site management and monitoring of civil works (Supplementary Appendix I). Training and mentoring will be provided by the consultants to strengthen capacity, specifically in the preparation of bid documents and bid evaluation reports for civil works, bid evaluation, training of Project Coordination Unit (PCU) staff, and procurement review committees on procurement regulations and ADB guidelines, preparation of detailed lists, and technical specifications of equipment, and selection and contracting of consulting services. |
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| Responsible ADB Officer |
Wendy Duncan |
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| Responsible ADB Department |
Southeast Asia Department |
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| Responsible ADB Division |
Social Sectors Division, SERD |
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| Executing Agencies |
Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training Mr. Laov Him, Director General of TVET Phnom Penh Cambodia |
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| Timetable | ||||
| Concept Clearance | 30 Jul 2009 | |||
| Fact-finding | 17 Jul 2009 to 31 Jul 2009 | |||
| Appraisal | 24 Aug 2009 to 04 Sep 2009 | |||
| Board Approval | 13 Nov 2009 | |||
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