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| Loan Name | Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program (Project Loan) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country | Bangladesh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loan Number | 2555 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Project Number | 39305- 02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fund Source/Amount[Approved] |
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| Thematic Classification |
Social Development
Environmental Sustainability Capacity Development |
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| Project Rationale | Rapidly urbanizing Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities in the world. Crowded and poor hygienic living conditions have increased the vulnerability of urban poor people to economic shocks from ill-health. A burgeoning urban population is only going to make the situation for public and environmental health more challenging. Urban local bodies that are mandated to provide public and environmental health-related services have limited institutional and financial capacities. Nationally, the Local Government Division (LGD) of the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (MOLGRDC) needs to take a stronger stewardship role in urban public and environmental health (UPEH). The Government of Bangladesh needs to make use of various instruments at its disposalsuch as regulations, taxation, information, and investmentsto address the growing challenges of UPEH with the help of the private sector and civil society.
A sector development program (SDP) is proposed to address a wide range of complex but interlinked UPEH challenges. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) in many ways is uniquely placed to help the Government address these daunting multidimensional challenges. The SDP builds on more than a decade of ADB's strong engagement in urban development in Bangladesh, and makes a concerted effort to mainstream valuable lessons learned and good practices which have evolved from ADB-supported projects, such as urban governance and infrastructure improvement projects and urban primary health care projects. |
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| Impact | The project will improve access to and use of effective, efficient, and sustainable quality UPEH systems and practices in the six city corporations of Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, and Sylhet. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geographical Location | The six city corporations of Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, and Sylhet. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Environmental and Social Issues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Social Aspects | The SDP will contribute to human development through improvements in the living conditions of residents in the project cities. This will be achieved through investments and policy reform to improve public and environmental health, citizen participation, and pro-poor targeting. The Program component introduces specific pro-poor and gender-sensitive strategies, including the issuance of entitlement cards coupled with free maternal and child health care services. The Project component will improve municipal solid waste and medical waste management, and food safety in the project cities benefiting both poor and non-poor. Solid waste management investments include community-based primary collection services in urban poor areas. A community participation plan (Supplementary Appendix Q) aims to enhance citizen involvement in project activities through service delivery alliancea multistakeholder group consisting of civil representatives, resource organizations, NGOs and community-based organizations, and private sector providers. The community participation plan will create local awareness campaigns to educate and inform the poor on health and hygiene, and proactively include waste pickers into project activities as part of the waste pickers' training program. A gender action plan (Supplementary Appendix L) will mainstream gender throughout the program and project investments and enhance participation and capacity of women in UPEH initiatives. The Project component supports MDGs, specifically reducing child mortality (MDG 4), improving maternal health (MDG 5), combating malaria and other diseases (MDG 6), and ensuring environmental sustainability (MDG 7). The Project components will cover six city populations (estimated at about one-third of the total population) and specifically target the urban poor. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environmental Aspects |
Subprojects are designed to avoid, minimize, and/or mitigate adverse environmental impacts. Potential impacts are mostly localized and temporary, and related to dust, noise, and access disruptions due to construction activities and construction-related waste disposal. These impacts can largely be avoided through good engineering design and practices, or be reduced through proper mitigation measures and environmental management. An environmental assessment and review framework was developed to ensure compliance with national law and ADB policies, guidelines, and requirements, and to guide the implementation of future subprojects. Environmental subproject selection guidelines are to further ensure that impacts that are potentially significant and permanent are identified and prevented. Preparation of the environmental assessment reports was done with extensive public consultation in each of the sample subproject locations and included primary and secondary stakeholders.
Subprojects are designed to avoid, minimize, and/or mitigate adverse environmental impacts. Potential impacts are mostly localized and temporary, and related to dust, noise, and access disruptions due to construction activities and construction-related waste disposal. These impacts can largely be avoided through good engineering design and practices, or be reduced through proper mitigation measures and environmental management. An environmental assessment and review framework was developed to ensure compliance with national law and ADB policies, guidelines, and requirements, and to guide the implementation of future subprojects. Environmental subproject selection guidelines are to further ensure that impacts that are potentially significant and permanent are identified and prevented. Preparation of the environmental assessment reports was done with extensive public consultation in each of the sample subproject locations and included primary and secondary stakeholders. Program and project investments in waste management and food safety are designed to improve environmental quality, living conditions, and public and environmental health in city corporations. Environmental assessment of the policy matrix indicates that the program's policy reforms are directly or indirectly aimed at promoting environmentally sound development by contributing to improvements in waste management and food safety. The potential impacts of each policy are presented in the environmental assessment of the policy. Three initial environmental examinations and two environmental reviews were conducted for sample subprojects and these show that net environmental benefits are extensive. These include (i) reduced solid waste pollution and cleaner waterways due to investments in primary and secondary waste collection, (ii) reduced greenhouse gas emissions due to composting and potential CDM activities; (iii) reduced environmental contamination due to integrated waste treatment facilities investments; (iv) reduced environmental risk due to proper disposal of hazardous medical waste; and (v) improved handling and disposal of environmentally polluting slaughterhouse waste. |
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| Stakeholder Participation and Consultation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| During Project Design | Extensive consultations were conducted during sector development program preparation. Four workshops were held in Dhaka (July and August 2008) to discuss the proposed programs objectives, components, and projected impacts, and obtain stakeholders opinions. The workshops were attended by 115 participants including community male and female representatives, community-based organizations and nongovernment organizations (NGOs), local government officials, line agency representatives, and other stakeholders. Five other similar workshops were conducted in Bogra, Comilla, Khulna, Satkhira, and Tongi. Further consultations at subproject sites included meetings with local government officials, NGOs, and surrounding communities. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| During Project Implementation | A major feature of the capacity development subcomponent of the sector development program is enabling the municipal bodies to take a more participatory approach to urban development. The consultation and participation strategy is embodied in the community participation plan which complements policy actions (Policy Action 4.2: Enable citizen participation in delivery of urban public and environmental health [UPEH]). It centers on the formation of two community-based programs: (i) formation of service delivery alliances at the facility and ward level (the alliances are multistakeholder groups consisting of civil society representatives, resource organizations, NGOs, community-based organizations, and private sector providers); and (ii) the Waste Picker Livelihood Training Program. Service delivery alliances will facilitate dissemination of accurate information regarding urban services issues, assist the city corporation in preparing community-based programs and partnering with NGOs, and promote community mobilization and awareness.c This will be further enhanced by educational campaigns to encourage the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle) and source segregation of waste. Implementation support for the community participation plan includes the provision of a community participation and gender action plan specialist within the Urban Public and Environmental Health Unit (UPEHU). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Procurement | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consulting Services |
Three international consulting firms will be hired. Consultants will be selected and engaged under the Project in accordance with ADB's Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2007, as amended from time to time).
- An international consulting firm will be engaged as the design supervision and construction consultant (52 person-months of international and 308 person-months of national experts) following ADB's quality- and cost-based selection procedures with a quality-cost ratio of 80:20. - Similarly, one international consulting firm will be engaged as financial management and municipal finance consultant (15 person-months of international and 178 person-months of national experts) following ADB's quality- and cost-based selection procedures. - For policy and miscellaneous capacity development support, one international consultant firm will be engaged as program support consultant (12 person-months of international and 114 person-months of national experts). |
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| Civil Works/Goods | Procurement of all goods and services to be financed under the Project will be carried out in accordance with ADB's Procurement Guidelines (2007, as amended from time to time). All civil works contracts estimated to cost the equivalent of $1 million or more will be procured through international competitive bidding. Civil works contracts estimated to cost less than $1 million will be procured using national competitive bidding (NCB). To the extent practicable, goods will be grouped into procurement packages larger than $500,000 to be suitable for international competitive bidding procedures. Goods that cannot be grouped into larger contracts and are estimated to cost less than $500,000 per contract will be procured through NCB. Miscellaneous minor goods expected to cost less than the equivalent of $100,000 will be purchased using shopping procedures. NCB packages valued at more than $100,000 each will be subject to prior review by ADB. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Responsible ADB Officer |
Sekhar Bonu |
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| Responsible ADB Department |
South Asia Department |
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| Responsible ADB Division |
Urban Development Division, SARD |
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| Executing Agencies |
Local Govt Div,Min of Local Govt Rural Devt & Coop Mr. Monzur Hossain Secretary, Local Government Division MOLGRDC, Building # 7, Dhaka Secretariat, Bangladesh |
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| Timetable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concept Clearance | 13 Apr 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fact-finding | 15 Apr 2009 to 27 Apr 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appraisal | 29 Jun 2009 to 09 Jul 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Board Approval | 28 Sep 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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